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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Overview
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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Genome-editing technologies and patent landscape overview.

Fairouz Benahmed-Miniuk1, Mat Kresz2, Jitendra K Kanaujiya3

  • 1Stratford, CT, USA.

Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst
|May 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) gene-editing system offers a promising, cost-effective alternative to older DNA modification technologies. This review examines CRISPR

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9TALEeditinggenomeintellectual propertyinterferencenucleasezinc finger

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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are established DNA modification technologies.
  • ZFNs and TALENs development is costly and time-consuming, relying on lead protein engineering.
  • The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas system has emerged as a rapid and versatile gene-editing tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare CRISPR gene-editing technology with ZFNs and TALENs.
  • To analyze the intellectual property landscape surrounding CRISPR technology.
  • To discuss the implications of CRISPR patent disputes on innovation and medical adoption.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of CRISPR, ZFN, and TALEN technologies.
  • Review of intellectual property filings and patent disputes related to CRISPR.
  • Discussion of potential impacts on the medical and research communities.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR offers a more accessible and efficient DNA modification approach compared to ZFNs and TALENs.
  • Significant intellectual property disputes are ongoing for CRISPR technology.
  • These disputes may hinder widespread adoption and innovation in gene-editing applications.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas represents a transformative gene-editing technology with broad potential, particularly in cancer medicine.
  • The resolution of intellectual property issues is crucial for realizing CRISPR's full potential in healthcare.
  • Further research and clear IP guidelines are needed to foster innovation and clinical translation.