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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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The Vestibular System01:29

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS AND VESTIBULAR DYSFUNCTION.

Giuseppe Chiarella, Diego Russo, Fabio Monzani

    Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
    |May 24, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is linked to vestibular disorders like Ménière disease (MD) and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Patients with these conditions may have a higher risk of developing HT, warranting careful vestibular assessment in HT patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Otolaryngology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease.
    • Vestibular dysfunction encompasses conditions affecting balance and spatial orientation.
    • Previous studies suggested a link, but lacked robust methodology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review the literature on the association between Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and vestibular dysfunction.
    • To evaluate the evidence supporting a connection between thyroid autoimmunity and inner ear disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature search of electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.
    • Inclusion of observational, retrospective, and prospective studies investigating HT and vestibular disorders.
    • Analysis of study designs, control groups, and autoantibody prevalence.

    Main Results:

    • Prospective studies provide convincing evidence for an association between HT and vestibular disorders.
    • Patients with Ménière disease (MD) show a higher prevalence of anti-thyroid autoantibodies.
    • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients exhibit elevated TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies, with some euthyroid HT patients showing BPPV signs.

    Conclusions:

    • Ménière disease (MD) and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients are potential candidates for developing Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT).
    • Thorough investigation of vestibular symptoms is recommended for patients diagnosed with HT.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering autoimmune thyroid disease in the differential diagnosis of certain vestibular disorders.