Development of a gridded meteorological dataset over Java island, Indonesia 1985-2014

Area of Science:

• * Climatology and Meteorology
• * Hydrology
• * Environmental Science

Background:

• * Existing gridded meteorological datasets for Java lack sufficient spatial resolution and rely on satellite or reanalysis data.
• * Ground-based observations provide a more accurate foundation for regional climate studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To develop a high-resolution (0.125°×0.125°), daily gridded meteorology dataset for Java Island, Indonesia.
• * To improve upon existing datasets by exclusively using ground-based observations.
• * To support climate, hydrology, and ecology research at various scales.

Main Methods:

• * A 30-year dataset (1985-2014) was compiled using ground-based observations of precipitation, minimum, and maximum temperature.
• * The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method was applied for gap-infilling and gridding, using optimal parameters (r=25 km, α=3).
• * Data quality control included using stations with at least 3,650 days of valid data and cross-validation with MSWEP and CHIRPS rainfall products.

Main Results:

• * The developed gridded dataset offers higher spatial resolution (~14 km) compared to existing products.
• * Cross-validation indicated superior performance of the gridded rainfall data compared to MSWEP and CHIRPS.
• * Performance of gridded precipitation improved from grid to watershed and island scales.

Conclusions:

• * The new dataset provides a valuable, high-accuracy resource for meteorological and climate research in Java.
• * Its ground-observation basis and high resolution enhance its utility for detailed hydrological and ecological studies.
• * The NetCDF format facilitates accessibility for both short-term and long-term environmental research.