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Published on: June 20, 2025
The Interplay of MicroRNAs in the Inflammatory Mechanisms Following Ischemic Stroke
Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam1, William Winlow1, Maryam Farzaneh1
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, Napoli, Italy and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; and Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Immunity and inflammation are important parameters of the pathophysiology of stroke, a destructive illness that is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Following ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation plays a critical role in neurodegeneration and brain injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed, noncoding RNA molecules that function to inhibit mRNA translation. Recent studies demonstrate that miRNAs are key regulators of inflammatory processes contributing to ischemic stroke injuries. Several miRNAs, and their target genes, have been shown to play a critical role in the innate inflammatory responses mediated by immune cells. The capacity of miRNAs to regulate several target genes demonstrates their exceptional importance in neuroinflammatory therapeutics following ischemic stroke. In this review, we focus on the miRNAs associated with ischemic neuroinflammation and describe the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers of neuroinflammation and promising therapeutic agents for modulation of deleterious inflammatory responses following ischemic stroke.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke. This review explores their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for stroke-related brain injury.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Stroke is a leading cause of death, with neuroinflammation significantly contributing to brain injury.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are implicated in inflammatory processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miRNAs in ischemic neuroinflammation.
- To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for stroke.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on studies investigating miRNAs in ischemic stroke and neuroinflammation.
- Analysis of miRNA-target gene interactions in the context of inflammatory responses.
Main Results:
- miRNAs are critical regulators of innate immune responses in the brain following ischemic events.
- Specific miRNAs and their target genes are identified as key players in stroke-induced neuroinflammation.
- miRNAs demonstrate potential for modulating detrimental inflammatory pathways.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs represent promising biomarkers for detecting and monitoring neuroinflammation after stroke.
- miRNA-based therapeutics offer a novel strategy for managing ischemic stroke by targeting neuroinflammation.
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