Multi-segmental thoracic spine kinematics measured dynamically in the young and elderly during flexion

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Human Kinematics
• Spinal Motion Analysis

Background:

• Thoracic spine kinematics are less understood than cervical and lumbar regions.
• Characterizing normal thoracolumbar spine motion is crucial for identifying abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize normal multi-segmental motion of the entire thoracolumbar spine during flexion.
• To compare thoracic spine kinematics between young and elderly healthy adults.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a motion-capture system to record spinal motion in 42 healthy volunteers (21 young, 21 elderly).
• Employed 3rd order polynomial functions to approximate spinal curvature throughout flexion.
• Analyzed regional and segmental displacements and velocities.

Main Results:

• Significant age-related differences in thoracic spine flexion timing were observed (p=0.011).
• Younger subjects predominantly exhibited delayed/sequential motion, while elderly subjects showed simultaneous motion patterns.
• Similar age-related trends were noted in lower thoracic segment flexion (p=0.017).
• Differences in regional and segmental displacements and velocities were identified between age groups.

Conclusions:

• Age significantly influences thoracolumbar spine kinematics during flexion.
• Distinct motion patterns in young versus elderly individuals highlight age-related biomechanical changes.
• This kinematic characterization can aid in identifying abnormal spinal movement and refining biomechanical models.