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Stream salinization and fungal-mediated leaf decomposition: A microcosm study.

Cristina Canhoto1, Sara Simões1, Ana Lúcia Gonçalves1

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Summary

Salinization negatively impacts aquatic fungi (aquatic hyphomycetes) and leaf decomposition in streams. However, even with reduced fungal diversity, these microbes continue to recycle organic matter under salt contamination.

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Aquatic hyphomycetesAssemblage diversityDecompositionFunctional redundancySalt toleranceStreams

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Salinization is a growing global issue affecting freshwater ecosystems.
  • Litter decomposition by aquatic hyphomycetes is crucial for stream ecosystem functions.
  • Fungi are key drivers of organic matter breakdown and nutrient cycling in streams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of varying salt (NaCl) concentrations on aquatic hyphomycete growth and reproduction.
  • To assess how salinity affects the decomposition of Quercus robur leaves mediated by fungal assemblages.
  • To determine if reduced fungal diversity under salinity can maintain ecosystem functions like decomposition.

Main Methods:

  • Exposed nine aquatic hyphomycete species to NaCl concentrations from 0 to 16gL⁻¹.
  • Measured fungal growth rates and species-specific reproductive output.
  • Quantified Quercus robur leaf mass loss and fungal respiration in multi-species assemblages under different salinities.

Main Results:

  • Salinity (≥4gL⁻¹) inhibited the growth of most fungal species, with species-specific tolerance thresholds.
  • Fungal reproduction was significantly reduced at higher salinities (≥4gL⁻¹), with only one species sporulating at 8gL⁻¹.
  • Leaf decomposition and sporulation rates were inhibited at 4 and 8gL⁻¹ NaCl, but not at 0 or 2gL⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • Aquatic hyphomycetes exhibit species-specific tolerance to salinity, affecting their growth and reproduction.
  • Despite reduced diversity, fungal assemblages can maintain significant leaf decomposition rates under salt stress.
  • Trade-offs between fungal growth and sporulation under salinity ensure continued organic matter recycling in streams.