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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

616
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
616
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

292
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
292
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

6.1K
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

498
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat
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Native valve endocarditis caused by Lactococcus garvieae: an emerging human pathogen.

Felicia H Lim1, David R Jenkins1

  • 1Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|May 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of native mitral valve endocarditis caused by Lactococcus garvieae, an animal pathogen, was successfully treated with antibiotics and valve replacement. This highlights the emerging threat of zoonotic infections in humans.

Keywords:
InfectionsInfectious diseasesValvar diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Native mitral valve endocarditis is a serious infection requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
  • Lactococcus garvieae, typically an animal pathogen, is an emerging cause of human infections.
  • Early identification and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old man presented with native mitral valve endocarditis due to Lactococcus garvieae.
  • The causative organism was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA PCR.
  • The patient received 6 weeks of amoxicillin and gentamicin, followed by valve replacement surgery.

Findings:

  • Lactococcus garvieae DNA was detected on the explanted mitral valve despite sterile cultures.
  • Colonic polyps were identified, which have been previously linked to Lactococcus garvieae infections.
  • The source of the infection remained undetermined.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering zoonotic pathogens like Lactococcus garvieae in human endocarditis.
  • The detection of bacterial DNA on the explanted valve suggests persistent infection or residual material.
  • Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis and transmission routes of Lactococcus garvieae in humans.