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Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Viro-Immunotherapy: Defeating Cancer with a "Hammer" and "Anvil"

Michael Karl Melzer1, Arturo Lopez-Martinez2, Jennifer Altomonte3

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. michaelkmelzer@gmail.com.

Biomedicines
|May 25, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses like vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) show promise in cancer treatment by destroying tumor cells and boosting anti-tumor immunity. Researchers are exploring strategies to enhance VSV

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses are gaining attention for their dual role in cancer therapy: selective tumor cell lysis and stimulation of antitumor immune responses.
  • Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-strand RNA virus, is a promising oncolytic agent due to its rapid replication, tumor specificity, and immunomodulatory potential.
  • VSV can help overcome immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for enhancing the immune-stimulating potential of VSV as an oncolytic virus.
  • To explore synergistic approaches combining VSV's oncolytic effects with enhanced anti-tumor immunity.
  • To summarize advancements in leveraging VSV for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on VSV-based oncolytic virus strategies.
  • Analysis of modifications to endogenous VSV genes for interferon induction.
  • Evaluation of virus-mediated expression of cytokines and immune-stimulatory molecules.
  • Assessment of vaccination approaches and combination with adoptive immune cell therapy.

Main Results:

  • Multiple strategies are being developed to augment VSV's oncolytic and immunotherapeutic capabilities.
  • Modifications aim to enhance interferon induction and immune cell recruitment.
  • VSV-mediated expression of therapeutic molecules can potentiate anti-tumor immune responses.
  • Combination therapies show potential for synergistic effects in breaking immune tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • VSV is a versatile platform for developing advanced oncolytic virotherapies.
  • Strategic modifications and combinations are crucial for maximizing VSV's anti-tumor efficacy.
  • Further research into these strategies promises improved cancer treatment outcomes.
Keywords:
adoptive cell therapyimmune-suppressionimmunotherapyoncolytic virusvaccinationvesicular stomatitis virus

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