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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Dichotic Listening Deficit Associated With Solvent Exposure.

Simon P Landry1, Adrian Fuente

  • 1*School of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal †Research Centre of the Montreal Geriatric University Institute, Québec, Canada.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|May 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Long-term solvent exposure causes a significant left ear deficit in dichotic listening abilities. This auditory dysfunction may be screened using dichotic listening tasks in exposed workers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Occupational Health
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Solvents are common in industrial settings and can harm auditory processing with prolonged workplace exposure.
  • Previous studies indicate solvent exposure negatively impacts dichotic listening performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of occupational solvent exposure on auditory processing, specifically examining dichotic digit test performance and ear lateralization.
  • To determine if solvent exposure is associated with a reduced right ear advantage in dichotic listening.

Main Methods:

  • Compared dichotic digit test scores between 49 solvent-exposed individuals and 49 matched controls.
  • Utilized a laterality index (LI) to assess group differences in ear advantage.

Main Results:

  • Solvent-exposed individuals showed a significantly lower dichotic listening score for their left ear.
  • Analysis using a laterality index confirmed a left-ear deficit in the solvent-exposed group.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational solvent exposure is linked to impaired dichotic listening, particularly affecting the left ear.
  • Dichotic listening tests may serve as a screening tool for solvent-induced auditory dysfunction in at-risk populations.