[Prevalence and associated factors of macrosomia in Peru, 2013]
Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha1, Manuel Sobrino Toro2, César Gutiérrez3
1Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Insights
Macrosomia, a birth weight over 4000g, affects 5.3% of infants in Peru. Key associated factors include male sex, higher birth order, maternal obesity, and maternal height, with implications for delivery methods.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Public Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Macrosomia, defined as excessive birth weight, poses risks during childbirth and postpartum.
- Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of macrosomia is crucial for maternal and child health strategies in Peru.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of macrosomia in Peru.
- To identify sociodemographic and maternal factors associated with macrosomia.
- To describe peri- and postpartum complications in macrosomic infants.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of birth weight data from 6121 children under 5 years old from the 2013 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES).
- Logistic regression was employed to identify independent associations between sociodemographic factors and macrosomia.
- Macrosomia was defined as a birth weight exceeding 4000g.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of macrosomia in Peru was found to be 5.3%.
- Independent risk factors for macrosomia included male infant sex, higher birth order, maternal obesity, and increased maternal height.
- Macrosomic infants were significantly more likely to be delivered via Cesarean section (43.9%) compared to non-macrosomic infants (26.9%).
Conclusions:
- Peru exhibits a relatively low prevalence of macrosomia compared to other low-to-middle income countries.
- While most identified risk factors are unmodifiable, maternal obesity presents a target for intervention.
- Preventing maternal obesity in women of childbearing age may reduce rates of macrosomia and Cesarean deliveries in Peru.
Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of macrosomia and factors associated with it in Peru and to describe the occurrence of complications peri- and postpartum.
Materials And Methods:
Birth weights of children under the age of 5 years were analyzed using data from the 2013 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Children with a birth weight higher than 4000 g were considered macrosomic. A logistic regression analysis was used to establish the independent association of sociodemographic factors with macrosomia.
Results:
The sample comprised 6121 children. The prevalence of macrosomia was 5.3% (95% interval confidence: 4.8-5.9%). Being male, a higher birth order, maternal obesity, and greater maternal height were independently linked with macrosomia. Caesarean births were more common in macrosomic children than unaffected ones (43.9% vs 26.9%). Complications during birth and postpartum were common but not statistically linked with macrosomia.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of macrosomia in Peru is relatively low compared to other low-to-middle income countries. The factors associated with macrosomia were mainly unmodifiable, with the exception of maternal obesity. Macrosomic children were more frequently born by caesarean. Weight reduction and the prevention of obesity in women of childbearing age in Peru could potentially reduce macrosomia and caesarean rates.
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