Exfoliation syndrome among Saudis.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Exfoliation syndrome is a common condition affecting the eye's anterior segment.
• Its prevalence and impact on visual health in specific populations require detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of exfoliation syndrome in the Saudi population.
• To investigate the association of exfoliation syndrome with age, sex, intraocular pressure, cataract, and visual acuity.

Main Methods:

• A subsample of 376 individuals aged 40 and above from the 1984 National Survey of Blindness and Eye Disease in Saudi Arabia was examined.
• Ophthalmic examinations were conducted using a Kowa hand-held microscope under mydriasis.
• Data on prevalence, intraocular pressure, cataract, and visual acuity were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

• The overall prevalence of exfoliation syndrome was 9.3%, with a significant increase in prevalence observed in older age groups (26.5% in those 70 and above).
• Exfoliation syndrome was associated with higher intraocular pressure (P < 0.05) and increased cataract changes (P < 0.001).
• Eyes with exfoliation syndrome exhibited poorer visual acuity, with 35% of affected individuals experiencing vision less than 0.05, indicating blindness.

Conclusions:

• Exfoliation syndrome is a significant public health concern in Saudi Arabia, particularly among the elderly.
• The syndrome is associated with adverse ocular outcomes, including elevated intraocular pressure, cataract formation, and severe visual impairment.
• Early detection and management of exfoliation syndrome are crucial to prevent vision loss.