Giant cell arteritis: a review

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Ophthalmology
• Vascular Medicine

Background:

• Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most prevalent vasculitis affecting Caucasians.
• Acute visual loss is the most feared complication of GCA.
• GCA can lead to irreversible vision loss if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current guidelines for early GCA recognition.
• To discuss contemporary diagnostic and management strategies for GCA.
• To highlight advances in imaging for GCA and associated large-vessel vasculitis.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent international guidelines on GCA.
• Analysis of diagnostic and management strategies.
• Discussion of imaging advancements, including in large-vessel vasculitis.
• Sharing experience with a fast-track pathway for GCA diagnosis and management.

Main Results:

• GCA requires prompt recognition of systemic, cranial, and ophthalmic signs.
• Current guidelines emphasize early diagnosis and treatment to prevent vision loss.
• Advanced imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing GCA and related vasculitis.
• A fast-track pathway can expedite diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

• Early identification and management of GCA are critical to prevent vision loss.
• Adherence to updated guidelines and utilization of advanced imaging improve patient outcomes.
• Integrated approaches, including fast-track pathways, are beneficial for managing GCA.
• Understanding GCA and associated large-vessel vasculitis is essential for effective patient care.