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Related Concept Videos

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina
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Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina

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Wnt signaling pathway in retinal vascularization.

Kimberly A Drenser1

  • 1Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, MI, USA.

Eye and Brain
|May 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Wnt-signaling pathway is crucial for retinal development and maintenance. Dysregulation of this pathway, particularly norrin-mediated signaling, is linked to inherited retinal diseases and retinopathy of prematurity.

Keywords:
ROPWntangiogenesisdevelopmentnorrinprematurity

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Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
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Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Wnt-signaling is a fundamental biological pathway regulating cell differentiation, polarity, and tissue development.
  • This pathway plays a critical role in the complex processes of retinal development and ongoing maintenance.
  • Norrin-mediated Wnt-signaling is increasingly recognized for its specific importance in ocular tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established and emerging roles of Wnt-signaling in retinal development.
  • To highlight the connection between Wnt-signaling pathway alterations and inherited vitreoretinopathies.
  • To explore the association between Wnt-signaling pathways and retinopathy of prematurity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating Wnt-signaling in retinal development and disease.
  • Analysis of genetic data linking Wnt-pathway mutations to inherited retinal disorders.
  • Examination of research on Wnt-signaling in the context of premature infant eye conditions.

Main Results:

  • Wnt-signaling is essential for normal retinal gene expression, differentiation, and polarity.
  • Mutations in Wnt-signaling components are causative for various inherited vitreoretinopathies.
  • Altered Wnt-signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity.

Conclusions:

  • Wnt-signaling, especially norrin-mediated, is vital for retinal health and function.
  • Understanding Wnt-signaling aberrations offers potential for diagnosing and treating retinal diseases.
  • Future research into Wnt-signaling could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for ocular conditions.