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Executive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Anterior Cingulate-Based Resting State Functional

Je-Yeon Yun1, Joon Hwan Jang1, Wi Hoon Jung2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Psychiatry Investigation
|May 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Executive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to altered brain connectivity. Targeting anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) networks may improve cognitive function beyond symptom relief in OCD patients.

Keywords:
Anterior cingulate cortexExecutive functionObsessive-compulsive disorderResting state functional connectivity network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Executive dysfunction is a significant issue in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), potentially impacting treatment outcomes.
  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in executive functions and may play a role in OCD pathophysiology.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity networks (rs-FCNs) centered on the ACC offer insights into brain mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between ACC-based rs-FCNs and executive functioning in individuals with OCD.
  • To compare brain-cognition relationships in OCD patients versus healthy controls (HCs).
  • To identify potential neural targets for improving executive function in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-eight participants (24 OCD, 34 HCs) were assessed using executive function tests: Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B).
  • ACC-centered rs-FCNs were computed using five seed regions within the ACC to examine differential brain-cognition patterns between groups.

Main Results:

  • OCD patients exhibited significant differences in WCST perseverative errors, SCWT interference scores, and TMT-B reaction times compared to HCs.
  • Significant interactions revealed associations between dorsal ACC connectivity and RCFT performance, and between perigenual ACC connectivity and SCWT performance in the OCD group.

Conclusions:

  • Network-based neural alterations in the ACC are associated with executive dysfunction in OCD.
  • These findings suggest that ACC-based functional connectivity could be a therapeutic target for enhancing executive functions in OCD.
  • Interventions targeting these neural foundations may lead to improvements in global functioning beyond mere symptom reduction in OCD.