A Prospective Study of Spectrum, Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome of Congenital Anomalies in Bida, North Central
Man Adeboye1, M B Abdulkadir1, O A Adegboye1
1Department of Pediatrics, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Insights
Congenital anomalies, particularly digestive system issues, are common in Bida, Nigeria. This study highlights the need for improved management of these birth defects in the region.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Medicine
- Medical Genetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Congenital disorders are present at birth, with varied manifestations from mild to severe.
- These conditions pose significant health challenges globally and locally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe congenital anomalies in children at Federal Medical Center, Bida.
- To identify potential associated factors and short-term outcomes of these anomalies.
Main Methods:
- Consecutive recruitment of children with congenital malformations over 12 months.
- Collection of socio-demographic, etiologic, and clinical data, with detailed examinations.
- Statistical analysis using Epi-info, Chi-square, Mid-P, and Fisher's exact tests (P < 0.05 significance).
Main Results:
- 46 children with congenital anomalies were studied; hospital prevalence was 111/1000 neonates.
- Digestive system (50.0%), central nervous system, and head/neck anomalies were most common.
- Consanguinity (22%) and advanced maternal age (>35 years, 8.7%) were noted; case fatality was 2.2%.
Conclusions:
- Digestive system anomalies are the most frequent congenital disorders in Bida, Nigeria.
- The study underscores the need for enhanced institutional capacity for managing congenital anomalies.
Background:
Congenital disorders are structural, metabolic, behavioral and functional disorders that are present at birth. Their manifestations are protean ranging from mild anomalies to life-threatening conditions.
Aim:
The objectives of this study were to describe the congenital anomalies in children seen at Federal Medical Center, Bida over a 12 month period, determine possible factors associated with these anomalies; and their short term outcome.
Subjects And Methods:
Children with clinically recognized congenital malformations were recruited consecutively over a 12 month period and socio-demographic, etiologic and other relevant clinical data were obtained. A detailed examination was also performed and abnormalities documented. The data was analyzed using Epi-info version 6 (Atlanta, USA). The Chi-square was used to identify significant differences for categorical variables. Mid-P and Fisher's exact tests were utilized as appropriate. A P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results:
A total of 46 children with congenital anomalies were seen during the study period, all which were recruited into the study. The hospital based prevalence amongst neonates was 111/1000 neonates. The most common system affected was the digestive system(50.0%) followed by the central nervous system and head and neck anomalies. There was no significant difference in distribution of anomalies amongst the various ethnic groups. About 22% of families were consanguineous, all being first cousins and 8.7% of mothers were greater than 35 years of age. The case fatality rate for congenital malformations was 2.2%, while 60.9% were referred to other hospitals for further care.
Conclusion:
The study has demonstrated a wide variety of congenital anomalies in Bida, North-Central Nigeria with the digestive system anomalies being the most frequent. The findings of this study strengthen the need for empowerment of the institution in appropriate management of these disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:07Teratogenicity
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
01:11Observational Studies
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...