Persistent cytogenetic abnormalities in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia

We evaluated the impact of bone marrow sample characteristics on the detection of persistent cytogenetic abnormalities (PCA) following induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PCA's were identified in 20.4% of patients and were more common with complete remission without count recovery (CRi) vs. those with count recovery (CR, 45.8 vs. 13.5%, p = .001), with  >2% blasts vs.  ≤2% blasts (42 vs. 12%, p =  .001) and with hypocellular trephine biopsies relative to those with normo/hypercellular biopsies (42.1 vs. 17.3%, p  = .03), although in a multivariate analysis only CRi and blast count >2% were independently associated with a PCA. PCA's were not observed in patients with favorable risk karyotype. Amongst patients with intermediate and unfavorable risk karyotypes PCA were not associated with differences in overall or, amongst non-transplanted patients, relapse free survival. Thus, although PCAs are common post-induction it is unclear whether they provide any independent prognostic information beyond the diagnostic karyotype.