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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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Maternal deaths in the Nordic countries.

Siri Vangen1,2, Birgit Bødker3, Liv Ellingsen4

  • 1Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|May 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Maternal deaths in Nordic countries were underreported. Improving care for conditions like preeclampsia, thromboembolism, and cardiac disease, alongside understanding suicide causes, can reduce mortality.

Keywords:
Maternal deathcause of deathheart diseasespreeclampsiapregnancysuicidethromboembolism

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Maternal deaths are significantly underreported, representing a missed opportunity for learning and prevention.
  • Accurate identification and classification of maternal deaths are crucial for improving maternal healthcare outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and classify maternal deaths in five Nordic countries (2005-2013) using international criteria.
  • To pinpoint areas for enhanced teaching, training, or research to potentially decrease maternal mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected via national audit groups through register linkage and hospital reporting.
  • Each maternal death case was assessed for cause of death and quality of care provided.
  • Evaluated potential improvements in care that could have altered the outcome.

Main Results:

  • 168 maternal deaths registered; 90 direct and 78 indirect. Maternal mortality ratio was 7.2 per 100,000 live births.
  • Leading causes: cardiac disease (29), preeclampsia (24), thromboembolism (20), and suicide (20).
  • Care improvements identified in one-third of deaths, notably in preeclampsia (60%), thromboembolism (45%), and cardiac disease (32%).

Conclusions:

  • Direct maternal deaths outnumbered indirect deaths in the Nordic region.
  • Enhanced implementation of clinical guidelines for preeclampsia, thromboembolism, and cardiac disease is recommended to reduce mortality.
  • Further research is needed into the contributing factors of suicidal maternal deaths.