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Occupational manual activity is reflected on the patterns among hand entheses.

Fotios Alexandros Karakostis¹, Gerhard Hotz², Heike Scherf¹

¹Paleoanthropology, Department of Geosciences, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72070, Germany.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

|May 26, 2017

Summary

Hand entheses reflect habitual manual activity, with intense labor showing distinct patterns linked to grip force. Less strenuous or mechanized work shows patterns related to thumb muscles.

Keywords:

3D quantification Spitalfriedhof Saint Johann collection musculoskeletal stress

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Area of Science:

Anthropological sciences
Paleoanthropology
Bioarchaeology

Background:

Entheses (bone sites where tendons attach) are used as occupational stress markers in anthropology.
Understanding how entheseal surfaces react to mechanical loading is crucial but not well-established.
Previous studies often relied on occupation-at-death, with limited understanding of specific habitual activity impacts.

Observation:

A skeletal sample of 45 adult males from mid-19th century Basel with documented occupations was analyzed.
A three-dimensional quantification system was employed to examine hand entheseal patterns.
Principal component analysis and correlation tests assessed entheseal patterns against age, body mass, and bone length.

Findings:

Previously proposed entheseal patterns were confirmed in the sample.
Individuals with similar occupations exhibited similar entheseal patterns, independent of age, body mass, or bone length.
Distinct entheseal patterns were associated with different types of manual labor and muscle group usage.

Implications:

Hand entheseal patterns can reliably indicate habitual manual activity and associated muscle use.
This research refines the use of entheses as occupational stress markers in anthropological studies.
The findings provide a more nuanced understanding of skeletal adaptations to mechanical loading from daily activities.