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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Published on: May 8, 2015

The Capability of Raman Microspectroscopy to Differentiate Printing Inks.

Chelsea E Johnson¹, Paul Martin², Katherine A Roberts¹

¹Hertzberg-Davis Forensic Science Center, School of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics, California State University, Los Angeles, 1800 Paseo Rancho Castilla, Los Angeles, CA, 90032.

Journal of Forensic Sciences

|May 26, 2017

Summary

Raman microspectroscopy effectively distinguishes printing ink types, with intaglio and inkjet inks showing high differentiation. This chemical analysis method aids in identifying ink origins based on spectral data.

Keywords:

Raman microspectroscopy discrimination capability document authenticity forensic science printing ink analysis questioned documents

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Author Spotlight: Quantitative Characterization of Liquid Photosensitive Bioink Properties for Continuous Digital Light Processing Based Printing

Author Spotlight: Quantitative Characterization of Liquid Photosensitive Bioink Properties for Continuous Digital Light Processing Based Printing

Published on: April 14, 2023

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Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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Published on: May 8, 2015

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Author Spotlight: Quantitative Characterization of Liquid Photosensitive Bioink Properties for Continuous Digital Light Processing Based Printing

Author Spotlight: Quantitative Characterization of Liquid Photosensitive Bioink Properties for Continuous Digital Light Processing Based Printing

Published on: April 14, 2023

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science
Forensic Science

Background:

Differentiating printing inks is crucial for authenticity verification and quality control.
Raman microspectroscopy offers a non-destructive method for chemical analysis of complex materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of Raman microspectroscopy in differentiating printing inks.
To assess the discrimination capability across various ink types, colors, and brands.

Main Methods:

Raman microspectroscopy was employed using 532 nm and 785 nm excitation wavelengths.
Spectra were acquired from 319 ink samples, including inkjet, toner, offset, and intaglio types.
Discrimination capability percentages were calculated for each ink type and color.

Main Results:

Raman microspectroscopy demonstrated high differentiation capabilities: intaglio (96%), inkjet (92%), and offset (90%).
Toner inks showed lower differentiation (61%), with capabilities varying significantly by color.
Specific chemical components like copper phthalocyanine and carbon black were identified.

Conclusions:

Raman microspectroscopy is a powerful tool for distinguishing between different printing inks.
The method's effectiveness varies by ink type, with potential for brand and color differentiation.
Identification of key chemical markers like copper phthalocyanine and carbon black supports ink analysis.