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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

687
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

308
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
308
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

379
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
379
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

637
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
637
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

489
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
489
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

490
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
490

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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Mini PCNL for renal calculi: does size matter?

Derek B Hennessey1, Ned K Kinnear1, Andrew Troy1,2

  • 1Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.

BJU International
|May 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MIP) system offers advantages for renal calculi treatment. This mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) system demonstrates high stone clearance and a low complication rate.

Keywords:
MIPPCNLmini-PCNLminimally invasive PCNLpercutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Nephrolithotomy

Background:

  • Renal calculi (kidney stones) pose a significant clinical challenge.
  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard treatment, but minimally invasive approaches are evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MIP) system for treating renal calculi.
  • To compare the advantages of the MIP system against conventional PCNL (cPCNL).

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study enrolled consecutive patients undergoing mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) using the MIP system.
  • Data collected included patient positioning, ASA classification, puncture site, stone clearance, drainage, and complications.
  • Unique features of the MIP system were specifically noted.

Main Results:

  • 32 mPCNL procedures were performed on 30 patients with a mean stone size of 17 mm.
  • The median stone clearance rate was 96.5%, with a complication rate of 9.3%.
  • The MIP system demonstrated ease of learning, versatility in patient positioning, safety in supracostal punctures, broad calyceal access, and suitability for tubeless procedures.

Conclusions:

  • The MIP system offers several advantages over conventional PCNL (cPCNL).
  • mPCNL with the MIP system is a viable alternative or adjunct to cPCNL, ureteroscopy, and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for renal calculi management.