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Breathing

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Microbioreactor-Based Production of Anchorage-Dependent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Microbioreactor-Based Production of Anchorage-Dependent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: December 12, 2025

Circulating microparticle levels are reduced in patients with ARDS.

Ciara M Shaver¹, Justin Woods¹, Jennifer K Clune¹

¹Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave South, Medical Center North T-1218, Nashville, 37232, Tennessee, USA.

Critical Care (London, England)

|May 27, 2017

Summary

Elevated circulating microparticles (MPs) were found to be associated with a reduced risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in critically ill patients. This finding suggests MPs may play a protective role, contrary to previous hypotheses.

Keywords:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome Coagulation Microparticles Sepsis

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Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

Published on: November 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Critical Care Medicine
Pulmonary Medicine
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Identifying patients at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during critical illness remains challenging.
Elevated airspace microparticle (MP) concentrations are linked to coagulation activation in ARDS, but circulating MP significance is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To test if elevated circulating MPs prospectively identify critically ill patients who will develop ARDS.
To determine if elevated circulating MPs correlate with poor clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 280 patients from the prospective VALID cohort study with platelet-poor plasma samples.
Measurement of MP concentrations in plasma on ICU days 2 and 4 using MP capture assay.
Assessment of coagulation activation via plasma recalcification times.

Main Results:

ARDS developed in 32% of patients; elevated plasma MP concentrations were associated with a reduced risk of ARDS (OR 0.70, p=0.042).
MP levels were highest in patients with sepsis, pneumonia, or aspiration.
Higher MP concentrations were independently associated with reduced ARDS risk after controlling for confounders (OR 0.69, p=0.038).

Conclusions:

Elevated circulating MPs are independently associated with a decreased risk of ARDS in critically ill patients.
The inverse association was most pronounced in septic patients.
Further research is needed to understand the role of MPs in systemic coagulation and ARDS development.