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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Comet Assay to Quantify DNA Damage in FLT3 Mutant-expressing 32D Cells after Exposure to Type I and Type II FLT3 Inhibitors
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Midostaurin approved for FLT3-mutated AML.

Mark Levis1

  • 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

Blood
|May 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Midostaurin is a new targeted therapy for FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This FDA-approved drug marks a significant advancement in treating specific molecular subtypes of AML.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous cancer.
  • FLT3 mutations are common in AML and associated with poor prognosis.
  • Targeted therapies have shown promise for molecularly defined AML subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recent US FDA approval of midostaurin for FLT3-mutant AML.
  • To highlight the significance of midostaurin as a targeted agent.
  • To discuss the implications for future AML treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of regulatory documents and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of midostaurin's mechanism of action as a kinase inhibitor.
  • Discussion of the impact of targeted therapy in AML.

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Main Results:

  • Midostaurin is the first drug approved for AML in the US since 2000.
  • Midostaurin targets the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase.
  • Its approval signifies a shift towards precision medicine in AML.

Conclusions:

  • Midostaurin approval represents a major milestone in AML treatment.
  • Targeted therapies are crucial for managing molecularly defined AML subtypes.
  • This heralds a new era of personalized medicine for AML patients.