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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method
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Astronaut ophthalmic syndrome.

Sara R Zwart1, Charles R Gibson2, Jesse F Gregory3

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|May 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Astronauts experiencing vision problems in space may have a genetically predisposed condition, "astronaut ophthalmic syndrome," linked to 1-carbon pathway metabolism and oxidative stress.

Keywords:
B vitaminscerebrospinal fluidendothelial dysfunctionmicrogravityoxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Astronauts aboard the International Space Station frequently experience ophthalmic changes, including optic disc edema and globe flattening.
  • Elevated plasma concentrations of 1-carbon metabolic pathway metabolites are observed in astronauts with these ophthalmic issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential genetic underpinnings of metabolite differences observed in astronauts with ophthalmic issues.
  • To propose a mechanistic hypothesis for "astronaut ophthalmic syndrome" linking genetics, metabolism, and vision changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plasma metabolite concentrations in astronauts.
  • Assessment of genetic factors and B vitamin status as predictors of ophthalmic conditions.
  • Development of a mechanistic hypothesis for astronaut ophthalmic syndrome.

Main Results:

  • Genetic differences and B vitamin status were significant predictors of ophthalmic issues in astronauts.
  • A hypothesis was developed linking 1-carbon pathway genetics to astronaut ophthalmic syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Astronaut ophthalmic syndrome is likely a genetically predisposed condition.
  • The syndrome may involve endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress, leading to increased intracranial pressure and optic nerve impingement.
  • Further research can elucidate the roles of 1-carbon metabolism, homocysteine, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes and related diseases.