Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

21.6K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
21.6K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

11.2K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
11.2K
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

37.3K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
37.3K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

13.0K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
13.0K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

14.2K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
14.2K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

7.3K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Protocol for simultaneous profiling of transcription start sites and full-length transcripts from low-input samples using Smart-seq+5'.

STAR protocols·2026
Same author

TBP regulates transposable element expression in early mouse embryos.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

Addendum: Retinoic acid signaling is critical during the totipotency window in early mammalian development.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2025
Same author

Stem cells as role models for reprogramming and repair.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

The establishment of nuclear organization in mouse embryos is orchestrated by multiple epigenetic pathways.

Cell·2025
Same author

RIF1 controls replication timing in early mouse embryos independently of lamina-associated nuclear organization.

Developmental cell·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
00:08

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers

1.4K

Starting embryonic transcription for the first time.

Ane Iturbide1, Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla1

  • 1Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.

Nature Genetics
|May 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

DUX proteins are crucial transcription factors that regulate the embryonic genome activation process during early mammalian development, as shown in three recent studies.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic genome activation (EGA) is a critical transition in mammalian development.
  • Transcription factors play vital roles in regulating gene expression during early development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of DUX proteins in regulating embryonic genome activation.
  • To synthesize findings from three studies on DUX proteins in mammalian embryogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of three independent research studies.
  • Focus on experimental evidence implicating DUX proteins in gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • DUX proteins are identified as key transcription factors.

More Related Videos

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

18.6K
Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds
08:05

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Published on: June 7, 2013

18.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
00:08

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers

1.4K
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

18.6K
Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds
08:05

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Published on: June 7, 2013

18.4K
  • DUX proteins are essential regulators of embryonic genome activation.
  • DUX proteins function in early mammalian development.

    • Conclusions:

    • DUX proteins are indispensable for initiating transcription from the zygotic genome.
    • Understanding DUX protein function provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms of mammalian development.