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[Changes in cellular microfilaments in viral infection].

B Ia Karmysheva, L L Mironova, N V Ovsiannikova

    Voprosy Virusologii
    |November 1, 1988
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cytochalasin B (CB) affects actin microfilaments, influencing viral cytopathic effects. Low CB concentrations enhanced symplast formation in kidney cells, while higher doses caused cell destruction in hamster cells infected with different viruses.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Virology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Actin microfilaments play crucial roles in cellular processes.
    • Viral infections can induce significant cytopathic changes in host cells.
    • Understanding the interplay between cellular structures and viral pathogenesis is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of disrupting actin microfilament polymerization using cytochalasin B (CB) on viral cytopathic effects.
    • To elucidate the role of actin microfilaments in the development of lesions caused by paramyxoviruses and alphaviruses.
    • To assess distinct stages of cytopathic lesion development.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized two distinct cell culture models: green monkey kidney cells infected with carnivore distemper virus and Chinese striped hamster cells infected with Sindbis virus.

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  • Administered varying concentrations of cytochalasin B (CB) to disrupt actin microfilament polymerization.
  • Monitored and quantified the formation of symplasts, cell permeability, and cell destruction.

    • Main Results:

    • CB at 0.1-1.0 µg/ml enhanced symplast formation in kidney cells by 3-5 fold; higher concentrations (2.5-5.0 µg/ml) inhibited this process.
    • CB (5-10 µg/ml) induced plasmolemma permeability disorders and cell destruction in hamster cells infected with Sindbis virus.
    • Viral reproduction and antigen production were unaffected by CB in the hamster cell model.

    Conclusions:

    • Actin microfilaments are integral to the development of cytopathic lesions induced by paramyxoviruses and alphaviruses.
    • Disruption of actin polymerization by CB differentially affects cytopathic changes depending on the virus and cell type.
    • The study provides insights into the stages of viral cytopathic processes and the role of the actin cytoskeleton.