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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Phosphate Buffer01:22

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The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
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The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Phosphate Framework Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries.

Yongjin Fang1, Jiexin Zhang1, Lifen Xiao2

  • 1College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Phosphate framework materials show great potential as electrode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their stability and cost-effectiveness. This review explores their structure-performance relationships, highlighting their advantages for next-generation energy storage.

Keywords:
Na‐ion batterieselectrode materialsenergy storagephosphatepolyanions

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are a cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries for energy storage.
  • Developing high-performance electrode materials is crucial for advancing SIB technology.
  • Phosphate framework materials offer structural stability, diverse compositions, and facile reaction mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in phosphate framework materials for SIB applications.
  • To analyze the structure-composition-performance relationships of these materials.
  • To discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives of phosphates in SIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of single-phosphates, pyrophosphates, and mixed-phosphates.
  • Analysis of material properties and electrochemical performance data.
  • Discussion of structure-property correlations and potential improvements.

Main Results:

  • Phosphate framework materials exhibit promising electrochemical performance for SIBs.
  • Understanding the structure-composition-performance nexus is key to material optimization.
  • Various phosphate classes demonstrate unique advantages and limitations for sodium storage.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphate framework materials are competitive candidates for next-generation SIB electrodes.
  • Further research into material design and understanding is essential for commercialization.
  • These materials offer a viable pathway towards sustainable and affordable energy storage solutions.