Testing the ecophysiological basis for the control of monoterpene concentrations in thinned and unthinned balsam fir...

Stand thinning across different soil drainage types was used to test the ecophysiological basis for the control of foliar monoterpenes in current-year foliage of balsam trees [Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.] the year following treatment. Photosynthetic capacity (A _max) was greater on mesic sites than on sub-hygric and hydric sites (1.81, 1.33 and 0.88 µmol m^-2 s^-1, respectively) and greater in mid-July than at the end of June (1.86 vs 0.77 µmol m^-2 s^-1). Foliar N was greater on thinned plots than control plots (2.6 vs 2.2 g m^-2); starch was greater on mesic control plots than mesic thinned plots (16.3 vs 10.9 g m^-2); and total soluble sugars (TSS) were higher in mid-July than at the end of June (16.5 vs 12.8 g m^-2). Total monoterpenes, as well as five individual monoterpenes, showed a complex interaction between site drainage class, thinning treatment and time of sampling (P<0.05). For all sites and dates combined, total monoterpenes were negatively correlated with specific leaf area (r ²=0.46), and positively but weakly correlated with A _max (r ²=0.35), foliar N (r ²=0.29) and TSS (r ²=0.24). Total monoterpenes were not correlated with the different measures of carbon to nitrogen ratio as predicted by the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis. Our results offer partial support to the different hypotheses proposing that foliage having greater resource availability, enzymatic machinery and potential for building storage structures will have greater monoterpene content. However, the strength of the relationships with monoterpenes often varied with sampling date, suggesting that phenological development may play a strong role in determining which factors control monoterpenes at a given time.