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Predicting community outcomes from pairwise interactions: integrating density- and trait-mediated effects.

Rick A Relyea1, Kerry L Yurewicz2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. relyea+@pitt.edu.

Oecologia
|May 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Ecological community structure can be predicted by combining density- and trait-mediated interactions. Understanding how species behavior changes with predators and competitors is key to predicting community dynamics.

Keywords:
AmphibiansCommunity ecologyLarval anuransPhenotypic plasticityTrait-mediated interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Community Ecology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Predicting ecological community structure is complex due to density- and trait-mediated interactions.
  • Species alter behavior and morphology in response to predators and competitors, changing interaction rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if pairwise interactions predict community structure in a reassembled system.
  • To integrate density- and trait-mediated effects in a simple experimental community.

Main Methods:

  • Combined laboratory experiments (predation rates, behavior) with a mesocosm experiment.
  • Used a factorial design with lethal and caged predators (dragonflies, salamanders) and prey (frogs).

Main Results:

  • Species interactions were qualitatively predictable from pairwise experiments.
  • Dragonflies preyed on salamanders and green frogs; salamanders preyed on green frogs.
  • Dragonfly presence reduced green frog activity, impacting predation and resource acquisition for all species.

Conclusions:

  • Trait-mediated mechanisms are crucial for understanding species interactions in natural communities.
  • Predicting large community structures requires detailed knowledge of species-specific trait alterations and density changes.