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Relativistic Electron Streaming Instabilities Modulate Proton Beams Accelerated in Laser-Plasma Interactions.

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Strong electromagnetic fields modulate high-energy protons during laser-plasma interactions. These modulations, driven by rear-side preplasma, are crucial for controlling proton acceleration in various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • High-Energy-Density Physics
  • Laser-Matter Interactions

Background:

  • Relativistic laser-plasma interactions can accelerate multi-MeV protons.
  • The development of preplasma on target rear sides is a critical factor in these interactions.
  • Understanding electromagnetic field generation and its impact on particle acceleration is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the modulation of multi-MeV protons by filamentary electromagnetic fields in relativistic laser-plasma interactions.
  • To characterize the strength and scale of these electromagnetic fields.
  • To determine the influence of target preplasma on proton modulation and acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of multi-MeV proton spatial profiles from laser-irradiated hydrogen targets.
  • Utilizing relativistic electron Weibel instability for electromagnetic field amplification.
  • Comparison of experimental data with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and analytical estimates.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence of proton modulation by strong filamentary electromagnetic fields (B>10 MG, E>0.1 MV/μm) with μm-scale wavelength.
  • Modulations are observed when a preplasma is present on the rear side of the target.
  • The process is confirmed to be dominant for various target materials if rear-side preplasma scale length meets specific criteria (≳0.13λ₀√(a₀)).

Conclusions:

  • Strong electromagnetic fields generated via Weibel instability in laser-produced preplasmas significantly modulate accelerated protons.
  • The presence and scale length of rear-side preplasma are critical parameters for achieving controlled proton modulation and acceleration.
  • These findings provide essential constraints for optimizing proton acceleration in laser-plasma experiments for diverse applications.