Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures: diagnosis and treatment

To provide an overview of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures and their treatment. Aspects of anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment objectives of these common fractures will be reviewed including recent literature.

Advances in technology such as guided surgery have allowed for better outcomes and a reduction in surgeon variability with regard to postoperative results. The use of titanium and bioresorbable mini screws and plates have expanded the ability to achieve stable and predictable results. There are many different challenges and techniques that are acceptable to treat zygoma fractures. Surgeon preference and training dictate these methods that vary among specialties.

ZMC fractures are commonly encountered in the trauma setting. Although there is a multitude of treatment methods available, the ultimate goal for any surgeon should be to reproduce premorbid form and function. The availability of techniques such as 3D navigation, contralateral mirroring, and advances in fixation technology have shown promise for better outcomes, particularly in severely comminuted or displaced fractures.