Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Analysis of Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos by Whole-mount Immunofluorescence to Detect Activated Caspase 3
08:20

Analysis of Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos by Whole-mount Immunofluorescence to Detect Activated Caspase 3

Published on: December 20, 2013

20.7K

The novel Indole-3-formaldehyde (2-AITFEI-3-F) is involved in processes of apoptosis induction?

Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad1, Mehdi Mahmoodi2, Abdollah Jafarzadeh3

  • 1Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

Life Sciences
|May 28, 2017
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

A novel indole derivative, 2-AITFEI-3-F, effectively triggers apoptosis in NB4 cancer cells by modulating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. This compound demonstrates superior anti-cancer activity compared to Indole-3-formaldehyde (I3F).

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The balance between pro-apoptotic (Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins is crucial for cancer cell proliferation and survival.
  • Indole-3-formaldehyde derivatives have shown potential in limiting cancer cell growth and inducing cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anti-cancer effects of a novel indole derivative, 2-AITFEI-3-F, on NB4 cells.
  • To compare the efficacy of 2-AITFEI-3-F with the basal Indole-3-formaldehyde (I3F) in inducing apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • NB4 cells were treated with varying concentrations of 2-AITFEI-3-F and I3F for 24, 48, and 72 hours.
  • Cell proliferation was assessed using trypan blue staining and MTT assays.
  • Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels were quantified at both gene (real-time PCR) and protein (Western blotting) levels.

Main Results:

  • 2-AITFEI-3-F significantly reduced cell viability in NB4 cells, outperforming I3F.
  • Treatment with 2-AITFEI-3-F led to a significant downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax expression compared to controls and I3F treatment.
  • These changes in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were observed at both mRNA and protein levels.

Conclusions:

  • The novel indole derivative 2-AITFEI-3-F effectively induces apoptosis in NB4 cells, likely by modulating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
  • 2-AITFEI-3-F exhibits more potent anti-cancer activity than Indole-3-formaldehyde (I3F).
Keywords:
ApoptosisBaxBcl-2Indole-3-formaldehydeNB4

More Related Videos

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

18.7K
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells13:53

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells

Published on: August 26, 2021

5.7K

Related Concept Videos

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
8.9K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
9.1K
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
16.2K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
5.4K
Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
14.4K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
4.8K