Laparoscopy in major abdominal emergency surgery seems to be a safe procedure

Laparoscopy is well established in the majority of elective procedures in abdominal surgery. In contrast, it is primarily used in minor surgery such as appendectomy or cholecystectomy in the emergent setting. This study aimed to analyze the safety and effectiveness of a laparoscopic approach in a large cohort of major abdominal emergencies.

A population-based cohort from the Region of Copenhagen, Denmark, including n = 1,139 patients undergoing major abdominal emergency surgery in 2012.

A total of 313 patients were operated with an initial laparoscopic approach; 37% were laparoscopically completed and 63% of the operations were converted to a laparotomy. Most conversions (40%) were for performing a bowel resection, 35% were due to inadequate exposure, 2% were converted due to accidental bleeding and 7% due to iatrogenic injuries. The reoperation rate was 17% in the laparoscopically completed group versus 19% in the group converted to laparoscopy and 20% in the open group. Major complications occurred after 31.6% of the laparoscopically completed operations, after 46.4% of the converted operations and after 49.5% of the open operations. The median length of stay was eight days in the laparoscopic group, 12 days in the converted group and 11 days in the group of open operations.

In a large, unselected group of major abdominal emergencies, we report a low rate of complications for operations conducted by an initial laparoscopic approach, and a high rate of conversion to open surgery, with 10% of the entire study population obtaining the benefits of a laparoscopic approach.

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