Endovascular management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas

Dural arteriovenous fistulas are a heterogeneous group of lesions that comprise 10-15% of intracranial vascular malformations. The treatment strategy is devised after careful consideration of the arterial supply, venous drainage, clinical presentation, and risk of progression, hemorrhage, or neurologic decline. With recent advancements in endovascular technology, the majority of dural arteriovenous fistulas can be treated with either transarterial or transvenous embolization. Those that cannot be fully treated by endovascular means are approached with either adjuvant surgery or radiotherapy.