Concurrent anticipation of two object dimensions during grasping in 10-month-old infants: A quantitative analysis

The anticipation of more than one object dimension while grasping for objects has been rarely investigated in infancy. The few existing studies by Newell et al. and Schum et al. have revealed mixed results probably mainly due to methodological limitations. Therefore, the present experiments tested concurrent anticipatory grasping for two object dimensions, namely, object size and object orientation using a quantitative motion capture system (Vicon), in 10-month-old infants and adults. We presented objects varying in size (small vs. large) and orientation (horizontally vs. vertically) and analyzed participants' anticipatory hand configurations. As with adults, we observed that infants rotated their wrists, thumbs, and index fingers as a function of object orientation and adjusted their maximum grip apertures and their grip apertures shortly before they touched the objects as a function of object size. Analyses on an individual level showed that infants like adults anticipated both dimensions when the maximal values of aperture and angle were used but not when the measures shortly before touch were considered. Thus, the ability to anticipate more than one object dimension can already be observed at 10 months of age but seems to improve considerably over the first year of life.