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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
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Recurrent pregnancy loss: current perspectives.

Hady El Hachem1,2, Vincent Crepaux3, Pascale May-Panloup4

  • 1Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ovo Clinic, Montréal, QC, Canada.

International Journal of Women'S Health
|May 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent pregnancy loss affects 2%-5% of couples. While treatments improve outcomes, nearly half of cases remain unexplained, highlighting the need for better therapies and support.

Keywords:
antiphospholipid syndromepreimplantation genetic diagnosispreimplantation genetic screeningrecurrent miscarriagerecurrent pregnancy loss

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) impacts 2%-5% of couples, with known causes including uterine anomalies, antiphospholipid syndrome, hormonal/metabolic disorders, and cytogenetic abnormalities.
  • Controversial etiologies like chronic endometritis, inherited thrombophilias, luteal phase deficiency, and high sperm DNA fragmentation are also considered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and controversial etiologies of recurrent pregnancy loss.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies for RPL, focusing on unexplained cases.
  • To evaluate the role of preimplantation genetic testing in managing RPL.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and controversial causes of recurrent pregnancy loss.
  • Analysis of evidence-based and empirical treatment strategies for RPL.
  • Discussion of the current clinical utility of preimplantation genetic testing in RPL management.

Main Results:

  • Established treatments (e.g., surgery for uterine anomalies, aspirin/heparin for antiphospholipid syndrome) improve outcomes.
  • Nearly half of RPL cases remain unexplained, often managed empirically with progesterone, anticoagulation, or immunomodulatory treatments.
  • Despite psychological impact, long-term prognosis for achieving live birth is generally good.

Conclusions:

  • Effective treatments exist for identified causes of RPL, but unexplained RPL requires further research and improved empirical therapies.
  • Preimplantation genetic testing may play a role in selected RPL cases.
  • Continued efforts are crucial to enhance treatments, reduce the time to successful pregnancy, and mitigate the psychological burden on affected couples.