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Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
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Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
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Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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Can false memories prime alternative solutions to ambiguous problems?

Mark L Howe1, Sarah R Garner2

  • 1a Department of Psychology and Centre for Memory and Law , City, University of London , London , UK.

Memory (Hove, England)
|May 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

False memories can bias problem-solving by priming solutions. This study found that false memories increased solution rates and decreased solution times for ambiguous insight problems when the false memory matched the correct answer.

Keywords:
False memorybiasingprimingproblem-solvingresponse competitionspreading activation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • False memories are known to prime and facilitate insight-based problem-solving.
  • Previous research indicates increased solution rates and decreased solution times due to false memories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if false memories can bias ambiguous insight-based problem-solving tasks.
  • To determine if false memories influence the selection of dominant versus non-dominant solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Creation and norming of Compound Remote Associate Task (CRAT) problems with dominant and non-dominant solutions.
  • Participants solved CRAT problems after exposure to Deese/Roediger-McDermott lists containing critical lures matching non-dominant solutions.

Main Results:

  • False memories significantly increased solution rates and decreased solution times for non-dominant solutions.
  • The biasing effect was contingent on participants falsely recalling the critical lure.
  • No biasing effect was observed when false recall did not occur or when no priming was applied.

Conclusions:

  • False memories can effectively bias ambiguous problem-solving tasks.
  • Findings support spreading activation models of solution competition and false memory priming theories.