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Louise Ewing1, Annette Karmiloff-Smith2, Emily K Farran3

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Western, Australia; School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.

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Children and adults use distinct facial features to recognize emotions. This study reveals how information processing strategies for facial expressions develop from childhood to adulthood.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Social cognition

Background:

  • Facial expression recognition improves during childhood and adolescence.
  • Mechanisms underlying the development of social abilities are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate qualitative differences in child and adult processing strategies for emotional stimuli.
  • Examine how information-use strategies for facial expressions change with age.

Main Methods:

  • Novel adaptation of the Bubbles reverse-correlation paradigm.
  • Presented noisy facial stimuli with random information subsets at different locations and spatial frequencies.
  • Large developmental sample: 71 young children (6-9 years), 69 older children (10-13 years), and 54 adults.

Main Results:

  • Revealed distinct information-use profiles for categorizing fear, sadness, happiness, and anger across all age groups.
  • All groups utilized specific facial features for each emotion.
  • Observed fine-tuning of diagnostic information (features and spatial frequency) throughout development.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental trajectories in facial expression recognition are linked to the refinement of information-use strategies.
  • Qualitative differences in processing strategies exist between children and adults.
  • Findings support the notion of functional links between information-use refinement and processing ability in social cognition.