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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing
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Embryonic Stem Cells for Tissue Biocompatibility, Angiogenesis, and Inflammation Testing.

Fatemeh Sharifpanah1, Matthias Reinhardt, Johanna Schönleben

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Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived embryoid bodies offer a novel in vitro model for testing biomaterials. These models reveal inflammatory and vascular responses to various polymers, aiding biocompatibility assessments.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Developing reliable in vitro models for evaluating biomaterial interactions is crucial for medical device development.
  • Embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate into various cell types, including vascular structures and leukocytes.
  • Assessing biocompatibility, inflammation, and angiogenesis in response to biomaterials requires advanced in vitro systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells as a novel in vitro model.
  • To investigate the biocompatibility, inflammatory, and angiogenic responses to bioabsorbable and nonbioabsorbable polymers using EBs.
  • To establish a model for studying vascular-like structures and leukocyte differentiation in response to biomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Spherical discs of bioabsorbable polymers (ε-caprolactone, L-lactide) and reference materials (polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylchloride) were inoculated with EBs for cocultivation.
  • Tissue outgrowth, cell toxicity, vascular structure formation (CD31+), macrophage differentiation (CD68+), and reactive oxygen species generation were analyzed.
  • Secretion of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α) was measured.

Main Results:

  • Bioabsorbable polymers and polyvinylchloride reduced tissue outgrowth and increased cell toxicity.
  • Vascular structures in EBs showed decreased branching and tube length upon contact with bioabsorbable polymers and polyvinylchloride.
  • Most tested materials induced macrophage differentiation and reactive oxygen species production, indicating proinflammatory responses.
  • Polymer cocultivation led to increased secretion of key inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions:

  • Three-dimensional tissues from ES cell-derived EBs are suitable for in vitro testing of biomaterial responses.
  • This EB model effectively assesses biocompatibility, vascular response, and inflammatory reactions to polymers.
  • The model provides insights into the complex interactions between biomaterials and developing vascular and immune systems.