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Research has highlighted several critical factors that influence the effectiveness of psychotherapy, such as the therapeutic alliance, the therapist, and the client.
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Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
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Is psychotherapy for functional somatic syndromes harmful? A mixed methods study on negative effects.

A F Holsting1, H F Pedersen1, M T Rask1

  • 1Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

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Psychotherapy for functional somatic syndromes (FSS) generally shows positive outcomes, with few patients reporting negative effects like therapist dependence or feeling down. Informing patients about potential adverse events is recommended.

Keywords:
Functional somatic syndromesMixed methodsNegative effectsPsychotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding negative effects of psychotherapy for functional somatic syndromes (FSS).
  • These concerns may deter patients from seeking necessary treatment.
  • Understanding patient-reported negative effects is crucial for improving FSS care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of negative effects in group-based psychotherapy for patients with severe or multiple FSS.
  • To explore patient experiences of negative effects to inform clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed.
  • Data were collected using the Inventory for the assessment of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy (INEP) and semi-structured telephone interviews.
  • Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.

Main Results:

  • 31% of patients reported negative effects to some extent.
  • The most frequent negative effects included therapist dependence (12%), feeling down post-therapy (6%), and insurance issues (7%).
  • Thematic analysis revealed three main themes: therapeutic relationships, treatment outcomes, and the transition from therapy to daily life.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with FSS reported few specific negative effects, and these occurred with low frequency.
  • Group-based psychotherapy was generally well-received, though some patients experienced negative effects within and outside therapy.
  • Informing patients about potential negative effects before commencing psychotherapy is important.