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Related Concept Videos

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

1.5K
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

225.0K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

7.0K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
7.0K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

7.4K
Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

153.6K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales
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Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales

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Field-scale forward and back diffusion through low-permeability zones.

Minjune Yang1, Michael D Annable2, James W Jawitz1

  • 1Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
|May 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding groundwater contaminant back diffusion from low-permeability zones is key for effective site management. This study classifies plume life cycles to guide remediation strategies, improving cleanup timing and technology selection.

Keywords:
AquitardBack-diffusionDNAPL,DiffusionField-scaleGroundwater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Groundwater contamination from low-permeability zones poses challenges for site management.
  • Back diffusion of contaminants from aquitards can prolong remediation efforts.
  • Effective site characterization is crucial for selecting appropriate remedial actions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop site characterization strategies for understanding groundwater contaminant back diffusion.
  • To classify plume life cycles based on contaminant origins.
  • To inform remediation timing and technology selection for different hydrogeological zones.

Main Methods:

  • Combining aquifer and aquitard data for site characterization.
  • Classifying plume life cycles into three stages based on solute origins.
  • Analyzing aquitard concentration profiles to identify characteristic signature shapes.
  • Applying analytical solutions incorporating advection, diffusion, and source dissolution.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct plume life cycle stages based on solute origins: aquifer source dissolution, combined source dissolution and back diffusion, and solely back diffusion.
  • Demonstrated good fits between analytical models and field data from three sites.
  • Validated the model's ability to describe contaminant time series data using different life cycle stages.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed modeling approach aids in understanding contaminant back diffusion dynamics.
  • Site managers can use the plume life cycle classification for informed remediation decisions.
  • Optimized remediation timing and technology selection are facilitated by considering estimated plume life cycles.