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Co-infecting microorganisms dramatically alter pathogen gene essentiality during polymicrobial infection.

Carolyn B Ibberson1, Apollo Stacy1, Derek Fleming2

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Studying Staphylococcus aureus in co-infections reveals that about 25% of its essential genes are not essential when Pseudomonas aeruginosa is present. This highlights the importance of understanding polymicrobial interactions for antimicrobial development.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Identifying essential genes in pathogens is crucial for developing new antimicrobials.
  • Pathogen gene essentiality can change depending on the infection environment and the presence of other microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how co-infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects the essential genes of Staphylococcus aureus in a murine wound model.
  • To identify 'community dependent essential' (CoDE) genes in S. aureus during polymicrobial infections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-throughput transposon sequencing data analyzed with Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Compared the essential genome of S. aureus during mono-infection versus co-infection with P. aeruginosa in murine surgical wounds.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 25% of S. aureus genes essential during mono-infection became non-essential during co-infection with P. aeruginosa.
  • Identified 182 S. aureus genes that are uniquely essential during co-infection, termed 'community dependent essential' (CoDE) genes.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen gene essentiality is highly context-dependent and significantly influenced by the microbial community.
  • Studying pathogens within polymicrobial communities is vital for accurate antimicrobial target identification and development.