Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Performing Vaginal Lavage, Crystal Violet Staining, and Vaginal Cytological Evaluation for Mouse Estrous Cycle Staging Identification
Published on: September 15, 2012
The normal exfoliative cytology of menstrual blood
Abstract:
The exfoliative cytology of menstrual blood obtained from 10 women by the use of a new vaginal tampon device is described. Endometrial, squamous metaplastic, parabasal, and superficial and intermediate squamous epithelial cells were observed. The quality and quantity of the exfoliated cells of the female genital tract seen in menstrual blood preparations are comparable with the results obtained by the conventionally used cellular collection methods. Furthermore, the vaginal tampon technique has certain advantages over the conventionally used cellular collection methods, since it is noninvasive, convenient and reliable and allows direct delivery of the sample from the patient to the laboratory.
Related Concept Videos
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
The Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Menses Phase
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Proliferative Phase
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
Secretory Phase
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...

