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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

The Calibration and Use of Capacitance Sensors to Monitor Stem Water Content in Trees
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Tree water dynamics in a drying and warming world.

Charlotte Grossiord1, Sanna Sevanto1, Isaac Borrego1

  • 1Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|May 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drought and warming impact semi-arid trees. Piñon pine and juniper showed no acclimation to reduced precipitation, with stomatal conductance adjustments only partially mitigating combined climate stresses.

Keywords:
Juniperus monospermaPinus edulisacclimationhydraulicsmegadroughtsap fluxstomatal conductancetranspirationvapour pressure deficitxylem anatomy

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Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology
  • Ecology
  • Climate change biology

Background:

  • Semi-arid ecosystems face increasing water stress due to precipitation reduction and rising vapor pressure deficit (VPD).
  • Understanding tree responses to these changing environmental conditions is crucial for predicting future ecosystem function and resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the individual and combined effects of precipitation reduction and elevated VPD on piñon pine and juniper water dynamics.
  • To determine if these tree species exhibit acclimation to drought and warming conditions over time.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiment over five years manipulating precipitation, atmospheric warming (elevated VPD), and their combination.
  • Measurements included sap flux density (FD), stomatal conductance (Gs), hydraulic conductivity (KL), and xylem anatomy in Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma.

Main Results:

  • Precipitation reduction alone led to decreased Gs and FD in both species, indicating no acclimation.
  • Elevated VPD reduced stomatal sensitivity but maintained Gs and FD in piñon pine; juniper experienced reduced water status, FD, Gs, and KL.
  • Combined stresses resulted in similar reductions in Gs, FD, and KL as single stresses, despite reduced stomatal sensitivity to VPD.

Conclusions:

  • Stomatal conductance adjustments to high VPD can partially mitigate, but not fully prevent, the additive impacts of warming and drying on tree water use and carbon gain.
  • Piñon pine and juniper exhibit different responses to drought and warming, highlighting species-specific vulnerabilities in semi-arid regions.