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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

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The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

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Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
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High-resolution dynamic 31 P-MRSI using a low-rank tensor model.

Chao Ma1,2, Bryan Clifford2,3, Yuchi Liu4

  • 1Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, NMMI, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|May 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel low-rank tensor method for rapid phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31 P-MRSI). The technique achieves high spatiospectral resolution, enabling faster and more detailed imaging of biological tissues.

Keywords:
31P-MRSIdynamic 31P-MRSIlow-rank matrixlow-rank tensorpartial separabilitysubspace modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31 P-MRSI) is crucial for assessing cellular metabolism.
  • Traditional 31 P-MRSI methods face challenges in achieving high spatiospectral resolution and speed.
  • Developing advanced acquisition and reconstruction techniques is essential for broader clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid 31 P-MRSI method utilizing low-rank tensor-based data acquisition and image reconstruction.
  • To achieve high spatiospectral resolution in 31 P-MRSI.
  • To enable faster dynamic imaging with improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Main Methods:

  • Representing the multidimensional 31 P-MRSI image function as a low-rank tensor to capture spatial-spectral-temporal correlations.
  • Employing a hybrid data acquisition scheme with sparse sampling, including "training" data for subspace structure and "imaging" data for reconstruction.
  • Utilizing an explicit subspace pursuit approach for image reconstruction, estimating subspace bases from training data.

Main Results:

  • Validated feasibility using phantom and in vivo studies on 3T and 9.4T scanners.
  • Achieved high-resolution static 31 P-MRSI images (6.9 × 6.9 × 10 mm3 in 15 min at 3T).
  • Produced high-resolution, high-frame-rate dynamic 31 P-MRSI images (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.6 mm3, 30 s/frame at 9.4T).

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic spatiospectral variations in 31 P-MRSI signals can be effectively modeled using low-rank tensors.
  • Exploiting tensor structure in acquisition and reconstruction enables fast 31 P-MRSI with enhanced resolution, frame-rate, and SNR.
  • This method offers a significant advancement for metabolic imaging with magnetic resonance.