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Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

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Do the effects of working memory training depend on baseline ability level?

Jeffrey L Foster1, Tyler L Harrison2, Kenny L Hicks2

  • 1School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|May 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive training on executive functions does not improve unrelated cognitive abilities. Individuals with high working memory capacity showed greater improvements on training tasks compared to those with low capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Debate exists on whether cognitive abilities like fluid intelligence can be enhanced through working memory capacity training.
  • Understanding individual differences in training response is crucial for targeted cognitive interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate who benefits most from working memory capacity training: individuals with low or high cognitive ability.
  • To examine the transfer effects of executive function training on other cognitive abilities.

Main Methods:

  • A 23-session study involving 3 assessment sessions and 20 training sessions.
  • Participants trained on complex span, running span, or an active-control task.
  • Subjects were categorized based on high and low working memory capacity.

Main Results:

  • Executive function training did not transfer to different cognitive abilities, consistent with prior research.
  • Individuals with high working memory capacity demonstrated greater gains on the training tasks compared to those with low capacity.
  • Findings suggest that high-capacity individuals may benefit more from executive function training.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory capacity training primarily benefits performance on the trained tasks, with limited transfer to other cognitive abilities.
  • Individuals with higher working memory capacity appear to gain more from executive function training interventions.