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Effectiveness of Vaccination During Pregnancy to Prevent Infant Pertussis

Roger Baxter1, Joan Bartlett1, Bruce Fireman1

  • 1Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, California.

Pediatrics
|May 31, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Maternal tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination provides significant protection for newborns against pertussis. This protection is especially strong in the first two months of life and continues throughout the infant's first year.

Area of Science:

  • Immunization and Vaccine Efficacy
  • Maternal and Infant Health
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pregnancy vaccination with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis (Tdap) is recommended for newborn protection.
  • Limited data exists on maternal Tdap effectiveness in infants before their first diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) dose and during their first year.
  • Understanding maternal Tdap impact on infant pertussis is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of maternal Tdap vaccination in protecting infants against pertussis.
  • To assess protection during the first two months and the entire first year of life.
  • To analyze effectiveness based on infant DTaP vaccination status.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study design.
  • Inclusion of infants born between 2010 and 2015 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
  • Estimation of maternal Tdap vaccine effectiveness against infant pertussis, considering infant DTaP doses.

Main Results:

  • Maternal Tdap vaccine effectiveness was 91.4% in the first 2 months of life.
  • Effectiveness was 69.0% for the entire first year of life.
  • Protection varied by infant DTaP status: 87.9% before any doses, 81.4% between doses 1 and 2, and 65.9% after 3 doses.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal Tdap vaccination offers substantial protection against infant pertussis, particularly in early infancy.
  • Additional protection from maternal Tdap persists throughout the first year, even after infant DTaP vaccination.
  • The findings strongly support the recommendation for Tdap administration during each pregnancy in the United States.
Abstract

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