Glucosamine has an antiallergic effect in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis

Glucosamine (GlcN) is generally used as a dietary supplement because of its antiinflammatory effects. We evaluated the antiallergic effect of GlcN in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis.

Thirty-two mice were allocated equally into 4 groups (n = 8). In group A (control), we performed intraperitoneal/intranasal challenge using sterile saline. In group B (asthma/rhinitis), we used ovalbumin for intraperitoneal/intranasal challenge to induce allergic asthma and rhinitis. In groups C and D (GlcN treatment), mice were given 1% and 5% GlcN throughout the period of ovalbumin challenge, respectively. We measured serum total and ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), cytokine titers (interleukin-1, -4, -5, -6, -10, and -17; tumor necrosis factor-α; and interferon-γ), and the number of inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We also performed histopathologic examination of the lung and nasal cavity. Finally, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction for the genes Bcl-2, EC-SOD, VEGF, caspase-3, Bax, COX-2, Hif-1α, and heme oxygenase-1.

Compared with group B, group D had significant serum total and ovalbumin-specific IgE decreases after GlcN treatment (p < 0.05). Titers for IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-17 in BAL fluid were significantly decreased in group D (p < 0.05). Eosinophils in BAL fluid were significantly decreased in group D compared with group B (p < 0.05). Groups C and D showed significant improvement of inflammation compared with group B. Group D had significant downregulation of EC-SOD, Bax, Hif-1α, and heme oxygenase-1 compared with group B.

GlcN had a significant antiallergic effect in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis.