Retinoblastoma: Update on Current Management

Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer in children, where in less than a century of dire mortality there has been a cure in industrialized countries. Unfortunately, mortality remains high in emerging countries. The evolution of treatment makes it possible to go further by preserving the eyeball but this must not be done at the cost of the reappearance of metastases. Herein we outline the evolution of treatment from the beginning of the 20th century until the last recent evolutions, trying to imagine what could be the future treatments. In this pathology, the ophthalmologist is a doctor who must cure his patient and enucleation is considered a failure. This situation should not lead to shizophrenic situations where to keep an eye one would take risks with the life of the child. New international classifications, international prospective multicentric studies, and the search for blood biomarkers that can predict the risk of micrometastases could allow for better stratification of patients.