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Justification bias in self-reported disability: New evidence from panel data.

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Respondents may overstate disability to justify not working. This study found significant justification bias in self-reported disability, particularly among those receiving disability pensions, highlighting issues in health and work research.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Economics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Self-assessed disability is commonly used to study the health-work relationship.
  • A potential complication is justification bias, where individuals overstate disability to legitimize non-employment and welfare claims.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide new evidence on the existence and magnitude of justification bias in self-reported disability measures.
  • To investigate how employment and welfare circumstances influence disability reporting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large longitudinal survey with a novel feature: identical disability questions asked twice per wave.
  • The second question followed a series of prompts increasing the salience of employment and welfare status.
  • Justification bias was identified by comparing within-individual changes in disability measures against changes in employment status over time.

Main Results:

  • Substantial and statistically significant justification bias was detected in self-reported disability.
  • This bias was particularly pronounced among men and women receiving disability pensions.
  • The findings suggest that employment and welfare status significantly influence disability reporting.

Conclusions:

  • Self-reported disability measures in surveys are subject to significant justification bias.
  • This bias can distort the understanding of the relationship between health and work.
  • Policy and research relying on these measures should account for potential overstatement of disability.