Decrease in the incidence and in hospital mortality of community-acquired pneumonia among children in Spain
Isabel Jimenez Trujillo1, Ana Lopez de Andres1, Valentin Hernandez-Barrera1
1Preventive Medicine Unit, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid, Spain.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) hospitalizations decreased in Spanish children, with increased vaccination coverage associated with fewer cases and improved outcomes. Pneumococcal vaccination significantly reduced CAP incidence and mortality in young children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a significant cause of childhood hospitalization globally.
- Trends in CAP incidence and outcomes, particularly in relation to vaccination, require ongoing surveillance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in CAP hospitalizations and outcomes among Spanish children (2001-2014).
- To evaluate the impact of pneumococcal vaccination coverage on CAP hospitalizations during this period.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Spanish National Hospital Database (2001-2014) for pediatric CAP admissions.
- Analyzed demographic data, comorbidities, pathogens, and outcomes, correlating with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) commercialization data.
Main Results:
- Identified 194,419 CAP admissions; incidence decreased significantly (3.67%/year) in children <2 years.
- Observed a decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolations and an increase in viral pathogens.
- Found increased PCV coverage associated with decreased CAP hospitalizations in children <2 and 2-4 years, with overall in-hospital mortality falling.
Conclusions:
- CAP incidence rates declined significantly in young children, with notable decreases in S. pneumoniae infections.
- In-hospital mortality for CAP substantially decreased across pediatric age groups.
- Enhanced pneumococcal vaccination coverage appears to mitigate CAP hospitalizations and improve outcomes in children.
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